Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) - epidemiology, risk factors and prevention

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy is one of the most serious adverse effects radiocontrast agents usage. It currently listed in literature as third common cause iatrogenic acute kidney injury. Aim study: The aim this study to provide an overview extent, severity and prevention CIN. shed a broader light on disease entity be helpful resource future for other clinicians struggling with Methods materials: A review was conducted using PubMed database, keywords: "contrast-induced nephropathy"; "acute injury"; "contrast media". Results: Pathogenesis CIN not entirely clear. There are many risk factors being e.g. diabetes, chronic disease, advanced age (patients over 75 years old). Prevention methods include restricting contrast volume minimum, balancing patient's volaemia before administration or perioperative saline hydration normalise volaemia. Conclusion: significant health problem, which can life threat. Despite fact that exact pathogenesis condition still remains unknown, prophylaxis becomes more effective due better recognition usage adequate measures appropriate patients' condition. More studies, larger test groups, needed define both pathomechanism contrast-induced injury new, ways treatment